Category Archives: General Microbiome

Human microbiome, July 17

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Protozoa detection in fecal samples from children, airway microbiome, and Staphylococcus transmission between mother and child.

Oral microbiome

Oral Lihong GuoIntercellular communications in multispecies oral microbial communities – Lihong Guo – Frontiers in Microbiology

“This review will summarize the evidence that oral microbes participate in intercellular communications with co-inhabitants through cell contact-dependent physical interactions, metabolic interdependencies, as well as coordinative signaling systems to establish and maintain balanced microbial communities.”

Respiratory microbiome

Screen Shot 2014-07-17 at 4.58.37 PMAirway Microbiome Dynamics in Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease – Yvonne J. Huang – Journal of Clinical Microbiology

“In this study, temporal changes in the airway microbiome before, at the onset of, and after an acute exacerbation were examined in 60 sputum samples collected from subjects enrolled in a longitudinal study of bacterial infection in COPD.”

Screen Shot 2014-07-17 at 4.59.26 PMTime between Collection and Storage Significantly Influences Bacterial Sequence Composition in Sputum Samples from Cystic Fibrosis Respiratory Infections – Leah Cuthbertson – Journal of Clinical Microbiology

“Samples were treated with propidium monoazide to distinguish live from dead cells prior to DNA extraction, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing was used to characterize their bacterial compositions.”

Gut microbiome

Screen Shot 2014-07-17 at 4.58.09 PMThe devil lies in the details: How variations in polysaccharide fine-structure impact the physiology and evolution of gut microbes – Eric C. Martens – Journal of Molecular Biology

“Here, we review the recent literature on this topic and posit that numerous, subtle variations in polysaccharides diversify the spectrum of available nutrient niches, each of which may be best filled by a subset of microorganisms that possess the corresponding proteins to recognize and degrade different carbohydrates”

Pregnancy and birth

Protozoa pediatricDetection of intestinal protozoa in paediatric patients with gastrointestinal symptoms by multiplex real-time PCR – L. Maas – Clinical Microbiology and Infection

“The performance of a multiplex real-time PCR for the detection of Blastocystis, Dientamoeba fragilis, Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium species and Entamoeba species in faecal samples was evaluated in an observational prospective study.”

Staph transmTransmission of Staphylococcus aureus between mothers and infants in an African setting – F. Schaumburg – Clinical Microbiology and Infection

“We aimed to investigate the transmission of S. aureus between mothers and their newborns during the first year after delivery in an African setting. In a longitudinal cohort study, colonization of Gabonese mother–infant pairs was assessed at delivery and after 1, 9 and 12 months.”

Commentary: Travelling within the fetal gut: simple rules for an arduous journey
Qiling Xu – BMC Microbiology

“A recent paper in BMC Biology addresses this issue with live imaging of gut explants from mouse embryos.”

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Non-human microbiome, July 15

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Murine skin commensals, nematodes, Bordeaux vines, polar soil, and water.

Mice microbiome

Adaptive immunity to murine skin commensals – Wei Shen – PNAS

“Here we report, for the first time, that commensal skin bacteria are recognized by major populations of T cells in skin-draining lymph nodes of mice.”

Nematode microbiome

Screen shot 2014-07-15 at 05.21PM, Jul 15NilD CRISPR RNA contributes to Xenorhabdus nematophila colonization of symbiotic host nematodes – Jeff L. Veesenmeyer – Molecular Microbiology

“Our data demonstrate that NilD RNA is conditionally necessary for mutualistic host colonization and suggest that it functions to regulate endogenous gene expression.”

Plant microbiome

Screen shot 2014-07-15 at 05.37PM, Jul 15Characterization of Pythium oligandrum populations that colonise the rhizosphere of vines from the Bordeaux region – Jonathan Gerbore – FEMS Microbiology Ecology

“The present study focused on one oomycete, Pythium oligandrum, well-known for its plant protection abilities, which thrives in microbial environment where bacteria and fungal communities are also present. “

Environmental microbial communities  (also see Human Gut digest)

Screen shot 2014-07-15 at 05.18PM, Jul 15Conditionally Rare Taxa Disproportionately Contribute to Temporal Changes in Microbial Diversity – Ashley Shade – mBio

“Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of 3,237 samples from 42 time series of microbial communities from nine different ecosystems (air; marine; lake; stream; adult human skin, tongue, and gut; infant gut; and brewery wastewater treatment), we introduce a new method to detect typically rare microbial taxa that occasionally become very abundant (conditionally rare taxa [CRT]) and then quantify their contributions to temporal shifts in community structure.”

Soil microbiome

Screen shot 2014-07-15 at 05.38PM, Jul 15Environmental drivers of soil microbial community distribution at the Koiliaris Critical Zone Observatory – Myrto Tsiknia – FEMS Microbiology Ecology

“This study investigates the distribution of archaea, bacteria and fungi as well as the dominant bacterial phyla (Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes), and classes of Proteobacteria (α- and β-Proteobacteria) across the Koiliaris watershed by qPCR and associate them with environmental variables. “

SicilianoSoil fertility is associated with fungal and bacterial richness, whereas pH is associated with community composition in polar soil microbial communities – Steven D. Siciliano – Soil Biology and Biochemistry

“We quantified richness, evenness and taxonomic composition of both fungi and bacteria in 223 Arctic and Antarctic soil samples across 8 locations to test the global applicability of hypotheses concerning edaphic drivers of soil microbial communities that have been primarily developed from studies of bacteria in temperate and tropical systems.”

TianThe effect of irrigation with oil-polluted water on microbial communities in estuarine reed rhizosphere soils – Weijun Tian – Ecological Engineering

“PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles revealed that the structure of the bacterial community was generally less affected, but the dominant flora was changed.”

Metatranscriptomic analysis of Arctic peat soil microbiota – Alexander Tveit – Applied and Environmental Microbiology

“A comparative analysis of mRNA enriched and non-enriched metatranscriptomes showed that mRNA enrichment resulted in a two-fold increase in the relative abundance of mRNA, but biased the relative distribution of mRNA. “

Screen shot 2014-07-15 at 07.15PM, Jul 15Network analysis reveals that bacteria and fungi form modules that correlate independently with soil parameters – Alexandre B de Menezes – Environmental Microbiology

“Network and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to determine interactions between bacterial and fungal community T-RFLPs as well as soil properties in paired woodland and pasture sites.”

Screen shot 2014-07-15 at 07.12PM, Jul 15 1Dynamic Succession of Soil Bacterial Community during Continuous Cropping of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) – Mingna Chen – PLOS ONE

“In this study, 16S rRNA gene clone library analyses were used to study the succession of soil bacterial communities under continuous peanut cultivation.”

Diversity of Bacterial Communities in a Profile of a Winter Wheat Field: Known and Unknown Members – Aurore Stroobants – Microbial Ecology

“In the present work, we have used bar-coded pyrosequencing analysis of the V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene to analyze bacterial diversity in a profile (depths 10, 25, and 45 cm) of a well-characterized field of winter wheat.”

Expression of copper-resistance genes in microbial communities under copper stress and oxic/anoxic conditions – Ludovic Besaury – Environmental Science and Pollution Research

“The abundance and expression of the copper-resistance genes cusA and copA, encoding respectively for a Resistance Cell Nodulation protein and for a P-type ATP-ase pump, was assessed along a gradient of copper concentration in microcosms prepared from Seine estuary mudflat sediment. “

Water microbiome

Screen shot 2014-07-15 at 05.40PM, Jul 15Distinct bacterial assemblages reside at different depths in Arctic multiyear sea ice – Ido Hatam – FEMS Microbiology Ecology

“Here, we determine whether bacterial communities: 1) differ with ice depth due to strong physical and chemical gradients, 2) are relatively homogenous within a layer, but differ between layers, or 3) do not vary with ice depth”

Screen shot 2014-07-15 at 05.41PM, Jul 15Microspatial gene expression patterns in the Amazon River Plume – Brandon M. Satinsky – PNAS

“The bacterial and archaeal communities associated with a phytoplankton bloom in Amazon River Plume waters at the outer continental shelf in June 2010 harbored ∼1.0 × 1013 genes and 4.7 × 1011 transcripts per liter that mapped to several thousand microbial genomes.”

Screen shot 2014-07-15 at 05.42PM, Jul 15Synchronous dynamics and correlations between bacteria and phytoplankton in a subtropical drinking water reservoir – Lemian Liu – FEMS Microbiology Ecology

“In this study, we evaluated the correlations between bacteria and phytoplankton communities, and determined the relative contribution of phytoplankton community succession to temporal variation of BCC in a subtropical drinking water reservoir (Tingxi Reservoir, southeast China).”

Screen shot 2014-07-15 at 07.12PM, Jul 15Metabolic and phylogenetic profile of bacterial community in Guishan coastal water (Pearl River Estuary), South China Sea – Xiaojuan Hu – Journal of Ocean University of China

“In the present study, the metabolic and phylogenetic profile of the bacterioplankton community in Guishan coastal water (Pearl River Estuary), South China Sea, at 12 sites (S1-S12) were explored by community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) with BIOLOG Eco-plate and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE).”

 

Bioreactor microbiomes

Screen shot 2014-07-15 at 05.39PM, Jul 15

Shifts in the Microbial Community, Nitrifiers and Denitrifiers in the Biofilm in a Full-scale Rotating Biological Contactor – Xingxing Peng – Environmental Science & Technology

“The microbial consortia were profiled using multiple approaches, including 454 high-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 region of 16S rRNA gene, clone libraries, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). “

Enzymatic characterizationEnzymatic characterization of microbial isolates from lignocellulose waste composting: Chronological evolution – Juan Antonio López-González – Journal of Environmental Management

“Ammonification (72.04%), amylolysis (35.65%), hemicellulolyis (30.75%), and proteolysis (33.61%) were the more frequent activities among isolates, with mesophilic bacteria and fungi as the prevalent microbial communities.”

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General microbiology and science, July 14

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Rectal swabs instead of stool samples, faster way of finding orthologs, and intelligence in bacteria.

Bioinformatics

Screen shot 2014-07-14 at 06.24PM, Jul 14Quickly Finding Orthologs as Reciprocal Best Hits with BLAT, LAST, and UBLAST: How Much Do We Miss? – Natalie Ward, Gabriel Moreno-Hagelsieb – PLOS ONE

“Since sequence comparison can be time consuming, we decided to compare the number and quality of RBHs detected using algorithms that run in a fraction of the time as BLAST. We tested BLAT, LAST and UBLAST.”

Sampling techniques

Screen shot 2014-07-14 at 06.24PM, Jul 14ectal Swabs for Analysis of the Intestinal Microbiota – Andries E. Budding – PLOS ONE

“In this study we investigated the characteristics and applicability of rectal swabs for gut microbiota profiling in a clinical routine setting in patients presenting with various gastro-intestinal disorders. We found that rectal swabs appeared to be a convenient means of sampling the human gut microbiota.”

Screen shot 2014-07-14 at 06.25PM, Jul 14Some Are More Equal – A Comparative Study on Swab Uptake and Release of Bacterial Suspensions – Philipp Warnke – PLOS ONE

“Highest amount of CFU release was detected for the MWE Dryswab in the unrestricted setting for both S. aureus and S. epidermidis with 1544 CFU and 553 CFU, respectively, lowest release for the Sarstedt neutral swab with 32 CFU and 17 CFU, respectively (p<0.001).”

Antibiotics, resistance, biofilms

Screen shot 2014-07-14 at 06.26PM, Jul 14Beta-Lactam Antibiotics Stimulate Biofilm Formation in Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenzae by Up-Regulating Carbohydrate Metabolism – Siva Wu – PLOS ONE

“When exposed to sub-inhibitory concentrations of beta-lactam antibiotics NTHi strains produced tightly packed biofilms with decreased numbers of culturable bacteria but increased biomass.”

General microbiology

Screen shot 2014-07-14 at 12.23PM, Jul 14Macromolecular networks and intelligence in microorganisms – Hans V. Westerhoff – Frontiers in Microbiology

“Here, we explore how macromolecular networks in microbes confer intelligent characteristics, such as memory, anticipation, adaptation and reflection and we review current understanding of how network organization reflects the type of intelligence required for the environments in which they were selected.”

Screen shot 2014-07-14 at 06.26PM, Jul 14 1The syndemics of childhood diarrhoea: A biosocial perspective on efforts to combat global inequities in diarrhoea-related morbidity and mortality – Nicola Bulled – Global Public Health

“Drawing from available literature, this paper uses syndemic theory to explore the role of adverse biosocial interactions in increasing the total disease burden of enteric infections in low-resources populations and assesses the limitations of recent global calls to action.”

Bacteria in the news

Screen shot 2014-07-14 at 06.19PM, Jul 14We Are Our Bacteria – Jane E. Brody – New York Times (illustration by Ken Orvidas)

“We may think of ourselves as just human, but we’re really a mass of microorganisms housed in a human shell.”

Screen shot 2014-07-14 at 06.27PM, Jul 14#BacteriaHysteria : Gross! Lots of bacteria found on new swimsuits – Jane Weaver – Today Health

“The removable liner in women’s swimsuits that is meant to protect the fabric from our cooties isn’t really protective after all, according to a microbe researcher. “

Screen shot 2014-07-14 at 06.28PM, Jul 14Milford hospital enlists robots in war against infections – Mary MacDonald – Boston Globe

“The robots, made by Xenex Disinfection Services, use an intense flash of ultraviolet light to fight the bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other micro-organisms that traditional cleaning methods can miss, according to the hospital’s infection control staff.”

Screen shot 2014-07-14 at 06.29PM, Jul 14CDC Cracks Down on Labs After Anthrax, Bird Flu Scares – Jonel Aleccia – NBC News

“Dr. Tom Frieden, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, on Friday announced an immediate moratorium on all shipments of biological materials from CDC biosecurity level 3 and level 4 labs until problems are addressed.”

Marine Mammals

Screen shot 2014-07-14 at 06.29PM, Jul 14 1How Dolphins’ Genetics Could Help Find Answers Into Mysterious Animal Die-Off – Sascha Cordner – WFSU

“A discovery into dolphin genetics may have brought research scientists one step closer to finding out the source of a mysterious animal die-off last year in the troubled Indian River Lagoon.”

Science and publishing

Screen shot 2014-07-14 at 12.45PM, Jul 14Retractions are coming thick and fast: it’s time for publishers to act – Adam Marcus and Ivan Oransky – The Guardian

“Another encouraging development is the rise of post-publication peer review, which has been made possible in recent years by the availability of papers online. Contributors to PubPeer, for example, have found signs of flawed or falsified results, leading to papers being retracted.”

Dr. Bik’s Picks

Screen shot 2014-07-14 at 06.34PM, Jul 14Whole genome and exome sequencing of monozygotic twins discordant for Crohn’s disease – Britt-Sabina Petersen – BMC Genomics

“We present a thorough genetic characterization of the sequenced individuals but detected no consistent differences within the twin pairs. “

Screen shot 2014-07-14 at 06.32PM, Jul 14How much science is there in new Planet of the Apes film? – Paul Rincon – BBC Science

“The latest instalment in the Planet of the Apes film franchise opens in the US on Friday. The rubber masks of the 60s and 70s films have been discarded in favour of motion capture suits and CGI. But how much did science inform the new movie’s portrayal of our close relatives?”

Screen shot 2014-07-14 at 06.31PM, Jul 14Domestication syndrome: White patches, baby faces and tameness explained by mild neural crest deficits – Science Daily

“Compared to their wild ancestors, domestic species are more tame, and they also tend to display a suite of other characteristic features, including floppier ears, patches of white fur, and more juvenile faces with smaller jaws.”

 

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Human microbiome, July 14

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Ethnic variation in vaginal microbiomes, effect of chemotherapy on human milk, response of (murine) microbiota to infection.

Oral microbiome

Screen shot 2014-07-14 at 12.23PM, Jul 14Advancements toward a Systems Level Understanding of the Human Oral Microbiome – Jeffrey S. Mclean – Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

“This review will discuss some of the recent insights into the oral microbiome at a fundamental level, existing knowledge gaps, as well as challenges that have surfaced and the approaches to address them.”

Vaginal microbiome

Screen shot 2014-07-14 at 12.24PM, Jul 14Ethnic Variations in Cervical Cytokine Concentrations and Vaginal Flora During Pregnancy – Riana Dutt – American Journal of Reproductive Immunology

“Semi-quantitative vaginal cultures and concentrations of cervical cytokines were compared between Caucasian and non-Caucasian women.”

Gut microbiome

Screen shot 2014-07-14 at 12.25PM, Jul 14A functional metabolic map of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a beneficial human gut microbe – Almut Heinken – Journal of Bacteriology

“In this study, we present an integrated, iterative approach of computational modeling, in vitro experiments, metabolomics and genomic analysis to accelerate the identification of metabolic capabilities for poorly characterized (anaerobic) microorganisms.”

Pregnancy and birth

Screen shot 2014-07-14 at 12.26PM, Jul 14Effect of chemotherapy on the microbiota and metabolome of human milk, a case report – Camilla Urbaniak – Microbiome

“Mature milk was collected every two weeks over a four month period from a lactating woman undergoing chemotherapy for Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Mature milk was also collected from healthy lactating women for comparison. Microbial profiles were analyzed by 16S sequencing and the metabolome by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.”

Animal models

Clara Belzer miceDynamics of the Microbiota in Response to Host Infection – Clara Belzer – PLOS ONE

“Employing a murine model of infectious colitis with the pathogen Citrobacter rodentium, we generated a 2-month time-series of 16S rDNA gene profiles, and quantitatively cultured commensals, from multiple intestinal sites in infected and uninfected mice. “

Prune juice animal modelCarbohydrate-Free Peach (Prunus persica) and Plum (Prunus domestica) Juice Affects Fecal Microbial Ecology in an Obese Animal Model – Giuliana D. Noratto – PLOS ONE

“Fecal samples were obtained after 11 weeks of fruit or control juice administration. Real-time PCR and 454-pyrosequencing were used to evaluate changes in fecal microbiota. Over 1,500 different Operational Taxonomic Units at 97% similarity were detected in all rats.”

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General microbiome and science, July 8

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Metabolic networks, CRISPR induced immunity, and influence of extraction methods and primers on microbiome analysis. Plus some smallpox in the Lost&Found, and a big citation scandal in SAGE journals.

Microbial ecology / metabolomics

Screen Shot 2014-07-08 at 10.07.56 PMIdentifying All Moiety Conservation Laws in Genome-Scale Metabolic Networks – Andrea De Martino – PLOS ONE

“ Our method is deployed for the analysis of moiety conservation relationships in two large-scale reconstructions of the metabolism of the bacterium E. coli, in six tissue-specific human metabolic networks, and, finally, in the human reactome as a whole, revealing that bacterial metabolism could be evolutionarily designed to cover broader production spectra than human metabolism.”

Emergent

Emergent Biosynthetic Capacity in Simple Microbial Communities – Hsuan-Chao Chiu – PLOS Computational Biology

“We specifically focus on detecting emergent biosynthetic capacity – instances in which a community growing on some medium produces and secretes metabolites that are not secreted by any member species when growing in isolation on that same medium. “

DIET ArchaeaDirect Interspecies Electron Transfer between Geobacter metallireducens and Methanosarcina barkeri – Amelia-Elena Rotaru – Applied and Environmental Microbiology

“M. barkeri is the second methanogen found to accept electrons via DIET and the first methanogen known to be capable of using either H2 or electrons derived from DIET for CO2 reduction. “

Optimal defenseOptimal Defense Strategies in an Idealized Microbial Food Web under Trade-Off between Competition and Defense – Selina Våge – PLOS ONE

“ Under coexistence with a competition specialist, a balance of competitive and defensive ability of the defense strategist was found to be evolutionarily stable, whereas stronger defense was optimal under increased nutrient levels in the absence of the pure competition specialist.”

Microbial detection

Screen Shot 2014-07-08 at 10.13.13 PMHuman Herpes Viruses Are Associated with Classic Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) in Beijing Patients – Weimin Zhou – PLOS ONE

“HHVs are associated with Chinese patients (especially for children) with classic FUO. Our study adds perspective to the aetiological and clinical characteristics of classic FUO in beijing patients.”

Phages and viruses

Screen Shot 2014-07-08 at 10.13.31 PMCRISPR-Induced Distributed Immunity in Microbial Populations – Lauren M. Childs – PLOS ONE

“We analyze sequence diversity of experimentally coevolving populations of Streptococcus thermophilus and their viruses where CRISPR-Cas is active, and find the rapid emergence of distributed immunity in the host population, demonstrating the importance of this emergent phenomenon in evolving microbial communities.”

Techniques

Influence of DNA Extraction Method, 16S rRNA Targeted Hypervariable Regions, and Sample Origin on Microbial Diversity Detected by 454 Pyrosequencing in Marine Chemosynthetic Ecosystems – Perrine Cruaud – Applied and Environmental Microbiology

“Thanks to statistical and diversity analyses as well as inference of operational taxonomic unit (OTU) networks, we show that (i) while DNA extraction methods do not seem to affect the results for some samples, they can lead to dramatic changes for others; and (ii) the choice of amplification and sequencing primers also considerably affects the microbial community detected in the samples.”

Dengue

Sanofi’s dengue vaccine first to complete phase 3 – Gunjan Sinha – Nature Biotechnology

“Banking on approval, Sanofi has already started production, a move some have described as a “huge gamble” in light of the vaccine’s disappointing results from earlier studies, says Mark Clark, a pharmaceuticals analyst at Deutsche Bank in London.”

Microbes in the News

Found: Forgotten Vials of Smallpox – Maryn McKenna – Wired.com (also see CDC Media Statement)

“Workers clearing out an old storage room on the Bethesda, Md. campus of the National Institutes of Health have found a forgotten box of vials that contain smallpox.”

The Bacteria That Got Spread Throughout The US By Military Testing – Esther Inglis-Arkell – IO9

“Have you ever heard of serratia marcescens bacteria? Today they are a cause of hospital infections. In the 1960s, they were secretly sprayed across Washington, San Francisco, and New York.”

Manage Your Microbes – Laura Stec – Palo Alto Online

“I’ve been researching this wonderful advance in science for Manage Your Microbes, a cook class at Belmont Library on July 29th. “

Science, Publishing, and Career

SAGE Publications busts “peer review and citation ring,” 60 papers retracted – Retraction Watch

“SAGE announces the retraction of 60 articles implicated in a peer review and citation ring at the Journal of Vibration and Control (JVC). “

13 Subtle Ways Women Are Treated Differently At Work – Jenna Goudreau – Business Insider

“Both men and women hold these views but often don’t even realize it. “It’s hard to fight this,” says Rivers, but awareness is key.

Dr. Bik’s Picks

Combining colour and temperature: A blue object is more likely to be judged as warm than a red object – Hsin-Ni Ho – Nature Scientific Reports

“It is commonly believed that reddish colour induces warm feelings while bluish colour induces cold feelings. We, however, demonstrate an opposite effect when the temperature information is acquired by direct touch.”

MandarinSequencing of diverse mandarin, pummelo and orange genomes reveals complex history of admixture during citrus domestication – G Albert Wu – Nature Biotechnology

“Here we sequence and compare citrus genomes—a high-quality reference haploid clementine genome and mandarin, pummelo, sweet-orange and sour-orange genomes—and show that cultivated types derive from two progenitor species. “

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Non-human microbiome

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Microbiomes of frogs, kakapo birds, and very hot water springs. And a special on Ed DeLong.

Cow microbiome

RumenRumen Cellulosomics: Divergent Fiber-Degrading Strategies Revealed by Comparative Genome-Wide Analysis of Six Ruminococcal Strains – Bareket Dassa – PLOS ONE

“Here, we have used a bioinformatics-based approach to explore the cellulosome-related components of six genomes from two of the primary fiber-degrading bacteria in the rumen”

Reptile microbiome

Occurrence, Diversity, and Host Association of Intestinal Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter in Reptiles – Maarten J. Gilbert – PLOS ONE

“Based on PCR, Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter were detected in 69.3% of the reptiles; 82.5% of the chelonians, 63.8% of the lizards, and 58.0% of the snakes were positive for one or more of these genera.”

Amphibian microbiome

Frog taggingTagging Frogs with Passive Integrated Transponders Causes Disruption of the Cutaneous Bacterial Community and Proliferation of Opportunistic Fungi – Rachael E. Antwis – Applied and Environmental Microbiology

“We find that PIT tagging causes a major disruption to the bacterial community associated with the skin of frogs (∼12-fold increase in abundance), as well as a concurrent proliferation in resident fungi (up to ∼200-fold increase).”

Bird microbiome

Influence of Hand Rearing and Bird Age on the Fecal Microbiota of the Critically Endangered Kakapo – David W. Waite – Applied and Environmental Microbiology

“Amplicon pyrosequencing revealed a juvenile fecal microbiota enriched with particular lactic acid bacteria compared to the microbiota of adults, although the overall community structure did not differ significantly among kakapos of different ages. “

Multilocus Sequence Typing Confirms Wild Birds as the Source of a Campylobacter Outbreak Associated with the Consumption of Raw Peas – Patrick S. L. Kwan – Applied and Environmental Microbiology

“Novel STs clustered closely with isolates typically associated with wild birds and the environment but distinct from lineages commonly seen in human infections. “

 

Sponge microbiome

SpongeIn Situ Natural Product Discovery via an Artificial Marine Sponge – James J. La Clair – PLOS ONE

“Retrieving this artificial sponge from a tropical ecosystem after deployment for 320 hours afforded three actin–targeting jasplakinolide depsipeptides that had been discovered two decades earlier using traditional sponge specimen collection and isolation procedures.”

 

Water microbiology

Profile of Edward DeLong – Paul Gabrielsen – PNAS

“DeLong has learned that studying a reservoir of life as large and diverse as the ocean can lead to unexpected discoveries. “We’re continually being surprised,” he says.”

Handling Temperature Bursts Reaching 464°C: Different Microbial Strategies in the Sisters Peak Hydrothermal Chimney – Mirjam Perner – Applied and Environmental Microbiology

“The SP metagenome reveals considerable differences in the taxonomic composition from those of other hydrothermal vent and subsurface samples; these could be better explained by temperature than by other available abiotic parameters. “

Methanotrophic bacteria in warm geothermal spring sediments identified using stable isotope probing – Christine E. Sharp – FEMS Microbiology Ecology

“Quantitative (q)PCR of pmoA genes identified the position of the heavy (13C-labelled) DNA fractions in density gradients, and 16S rRNA gene pyrotag sequencing of the heavy fractions was performed to identify the active methanotrophs.”

Bacterial and archaeal communities in long-term contaminated surface and subsurface soil evaluated through co-extracted RNA and DNA – Anu Mikkonen – FEMS Microbiology Ecology

“Soil RNA and DNA were co-extracted along a contamination gradient at a landfarming field with aged crude oil contamination to investigate pollution-dependent differences in 16S rRNA and rRNA gene pools”

rpoD Gene Pyrosequencing for the Assessment of Pseudomonas Diversity in a Water Sample from the Woluwe River – David Sánchez – Applied and Environmental Microbiology

“Culture-independent methods consisted of cloning and pyrosequencing of a Pseudomonas rpoD amplicon from total DNA extracted from the same sample and amplified with selective rpoD gene primers. “

Influence of DNA Extraction Method, 16S rRNA Targeted Hypervariable Regions, and Sample Origin on Microbial Diversity Detected by 454 Pyrosequencing in Marine Chemosynthetic Ecosystems – Perrine Cruaud – Applied and Environmental Microbiology

“Thanks to statistical and diversity analyses as well as inference of operational taxonomic unit (OTU) networks, we show that (i) while DNA extraction methods do not seem to affect the results for some samples, they can lead to dramatic changes for others; and (ii) the choice of amplification and sequencing primers also considerably affects the microbial community detected in the samples.”

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Human microbiome, July 8

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Female urinary microbiome, stool microbiome and vaccine responses, and gut microbiome in ulcerative colitis patients.

Urinary tract

The Female Urinary Microbiome: a Comparison of Women with and without Urgency Urinary Incontinence – Meghan M. Pearce – mBio

“In this study, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to classify bacterial DNA and expanded quantitative urine culture (EQUC) techniques to isolate live bacteria in urine collected by using a transurethral catheter from women with UUI and, in comparison, a cohort without UUI. “

Gut microbiome

Stool Microbiota and Vaccine Responses of Infants – M. Nazmul Huda – Pediatrics

“Bifidobacterium predominance may enhance thymic development and responses to both oral and parenteral vaccines early in infancy”

Novel Gut-Based Pharmacology of Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus – Antonella Napolitano – PLOS ONE

“Microbiota abundance of the phylum Firmicutes was positively correlated with changes in cholic acid and conjugates, while Bacteroidetes abundance was negatively correlated.”

This one was already published online in September 2013 but it came out in print this week : Commentary: Roseburia hominis: a novel guilty player in ulcerative colitis pathogenesis – Herbert Tilg – Gut

“In recent years evidence was accumulating that the gut microbiota and its manipulation might constitute one of those relevant ‘environmental’ factors. “

A decrease of the butyrate-producing species Roseburia hominis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii defines dysbiosis in patients with ulcerative colitis – Kathleen Machiels – Gut

“The composition of the fecal microbiota of UC patients differs from that of healthy individuals: we found a reduction in R hominis and F prausnitzii, both well-known butyrate-producing bacteria of the Firmicutes phylum. “

Pregnancy and birth

Direct Evidence for the Presence of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in the Circulation of Breastfed Infants – Karen C. Goehring – PLOS ONE

“At least some ingested HMOs are absorbed intact into the circulation and excreted in the urine and their concentrations in these fluids correlate with levels of the corresponding mother’s milk”

Commentary: More than a gut feeling: predicting surgical necrotising enterocolitis – Jörn-Hendrik Weitkamp – Gut

“The paper by Sylvester et al 8 describes a new non-invasive approach of combining clinical data and selected urine peptide biomarkers to develop an algorithm to predict progression of suspected medical NEC to surgical disease. “

refers to: A novel urine peptide biomarker-based algorithm for the prognosis of necrotising enterocolitis in human infants – Karl G Sylvester – Gut

“Ensemble modelling combining clinical parameters with biomarker analysis dramatically improves our ability to identify the population at risk for developing progressive NEC.”

Animal models

Host Responses to the Pathogen Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Beneficial Microbes Exhibit Host Sex Specificity – Enusha Karunasena – Applied and Environmental Microbiology

“The differences observed suggest that male and female gut tissues and microbiota respond to newly introduced microorganisms differently and that gut-associated microorganisms with host immune system responses and metabolic activity are supported by biology distinct to the host sex.”

General human microbiome

Phylogenetics and the human microbiome – Frederick A Matsen IV – Submitted to Systematic Biology

“In this paper I review the field and its methods from the perspective of a phylogeneticist, as well as describing current challenges for phylogenetics coming from this type of work.”

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Non-human microbiome, July 7

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Microbiomes of buffalo’s, chickens on melatonin, and acid mine drainages.

Buffalo microbiome

Insights into resistome and stress responses genes in Bubalus bubalis rumen through metagenomic analysis – Bhaskar Reddy – Molecular Biology Reports

“We analyzed the metagenomes of buffalo rumen in the liquid and solid phase of the rumen biomaterial from river buffalo adapted to varying proportion of concentrate to green or dry roughages, using high-throughput sequencing to know the occurrence of antibiotics resistance genes, genetic exchange between bacterial population and environmental reservoirs.”

Chicken microbiome

Exogenous melatonin improves growth performance, intestinal microbiota, and morphology in temporarily feed restricted broilers – A. Akbarian – Livestock Science

“An increment in ileal Lactobacillus counts was found in MFR group compared to CON (P<0.05). No significant differences were noticed in microbial counts of cecum among treatments.”

Insect microbiome

Homeostasis between gut-associated microorganisms and the immune system in Drosophila – Hyejin You – Current Opinion in Immunology

“A deeper understanding of the role of uracil in Drosophila immunity will provide additional insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying host–microbe symbiosis and dysbiosis.”

Water and other microbiology

Inter-species interconnections in acid mine drainage microbial communities
Luis R. Comolli and Jillian F. Banfield – Frontiers in Microbiology

“Here, we present cryogenic transmission electron microscope (cryo-TEM) 2D images and 3D tomographic datasets for archaeal species from natural acid mine drainage (AMD) microbial communities. “

Biogeochemical activity of microbial biofilms in the water column overlying uranium mine tailings – V.F. Bondici – Journal of Applied Microbiology

“To describe microbial diversity, biofilm composition and biogeochemical potential within biofilms in the water overlying uranium tailings characterized by high pH, high metal concentration and low permeability.”

Rapid succession of uncultured marine bacterial and archaeal populations in a denitrifying continuous culture – Beate Kraft – Environmental Microbiology

“In this study, a heterotrophic denitrifying community from sediments of a marine intertidal flat active in nitrogen cycling was selected in a chemostat and monitored over a period of 50 days.”

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Human microbiome, July 7

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Phages and CRISPRs in human mouth, new metagenomes from MetaHit, and vaginal microbiota.

General microbiome

Journal Nurse PractionersReview: An Overview of the Microbiome and the Effects of Antibiotics – Hillary Taggart – The Journal for Nurse Practitioners

“This review provides a basic introduction of what the microbiome is and how it plays a role in obesity, gastrointestinal, immune, and mental health, including a brief mention of implications for the pediatric population.”

Oral microbiome

Screen shot 2014-07-07 at 01.54PM, Jul 07Characterization of bacteriophage communities and CRISPR profiles from dental plaque – Mayuri Naidu (with David Pride) – BMC Microbiology

“We sampled the saliva and dental plaque from 4 healthy human subjects to determine whether plaque was populated by viral communities, and whether there were differences in viral communities specific to subject or sample type.”

Gut microbiome

Screen shot 2014-07-07 at 01.45PM, Jul 07 1An integrated catalog of reference genes in the human gut microbiome – Junhua Li – Nature Biotechnology

“Here we combined 249 newly sequenced samples of the Metagenomics of the Human Intestinal Tract (MetaHit) project with 1,018 previously sequenced samples to create a cohort from three continents that is at least threefold larger than cohorts used for previous gene catalogs. “

Screen shot 2014-07-07 at 01.45PM, Jul 07Identification and assembly of genomes and genetic elements in complex metagenomic samples without using reference genomes – H Bjørn Nielsen (and 142 other authors) – Nature Biotechnology

“Here we present a method, based on binning co-abundant genes across a series of metagenomic samples, that enables comprehensive discovery of new microbial organisms, viruses and co-inherited genetic entities and aids assembly of microbial genomes without the need for reference sequences.”

Screen shot 2014-07-07 at 01.47PM, Jul 07Commensal microbial regulation of natural killer T cells at the frontiers of the mucosal immune system – Sebastian Zeissig, Richard S. Blumberg – FEBS Letters

“Here, we outline the mechanisms of bidirectional cross-talk between the microbiota and CD1d-restricted NKT cells and discuss how a perturbation of these processes can contribute to the pathogenesis of immune-mediated disorders at mucosal surfaces.”

Screen shot 2014-07-07 at 01.48PM, Jul 07Review/Book chapter Gastrointestinal microbiota – Katherine Stephens – Advanced Nutrition and Dietetics in Gastroenterology

“This chapter summarizes the functions of the human gastrointestinal tract. A main function of the GI microbiota is modulation of the immune system. The chapter focues on the factors influencing composition of the microbiota.”

Pathogens journalPerturbation of the Human Microbiome as a Contributor to Inflammatory Bowel Disease – Bayan Missaghi – Pathogens

“This review presents an outline of the loss of a normal microbiome as an etiology of immune dysregulation and IBD pathogenesis initiation. “

Screen shot 2014-07-07 at 01.49PM, Jul 07 137 People Want to Peer Inside Your Poop…You Know, for Science – Angus Chen – Discover Magazine

“Rob Knight, a microbiologist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, and his colleagues want poop from every person in America.”

Mediterranean Diet and Health: Food Effects on Gut Microbiota and Disease Control
Federica Del Chierico – International Journal of Molecular Sciences

“For this purpose, we present a study proposal relying on the generation of individual gut microbiota maps from MD-aware children/adolescents. “

Respiratory microbiome

Screen shot 2014-07-07 at 02.02PM, Jul 07Evidence that intraspecific trait variation among nasal bacteria shapes the distribution of Staphylococcus aureus – Ben Libberton – Infection and Immunity

“We characterised S. aureus growth inhibition by the culturable bacterial aerobe consortia of 60 nasal microbiomes, revealing intraspecific variation in growth inhibition and that inhibitory isolates clustered within communities that were culture-negative for S. aureus. “

Vaginal microbiome

Screen shot 2014-07-07 at 01.53PM, Jul 07Characterization of the vaginal microbiota of healthy Canadian women through the menstrual cycle – Bonnie Chaban – Microbiome

“Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify the universal target region of the cpn60 gene and generate amplicons representative of the microbial community. Amplicons were pyrosequenced, assembled into operational taxonomic units, and analyzed. “

Pregnancy

The effects of designation and volume of neonatal care on mortality and morbidity outcomes of very preterm infants in England: retrospective population-based cohort study – SI Watson – BMJ Open

“High-volume neonatal care provided at the hospital of birth may protect against in-hospital mortality in very preterm infants. “

Understanding the Complexity of the Immune System during Pregnancy – Karen Racicot – American Journal of Reproductive Immunology

“In this review, we discuss our present understanding of the ‘immunity of pregnancy’ in the context of the response to cervical and placental infections and how these responses affect both the mother and the fetus.”

 

Animal models of human microbiota or disease

Screen Shot 2014-07-07 at 11.00.33 PMGalacto‐oligosaccharides attenuate renal injury with microbiota modification – Satoshi U. Furuse – Physiological Reports

“The microbiota analysis indicated that GOS significantly increased three bacterial families and decreased five families in the Nx rats. “

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General digest, July 3

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CRISPRs, the yearly NAR Web Server issue, dengue, arsenic, and The Picks.

CRISPRs

Screen shot 2014-07-03 at 03.59PM, Jul 03 1Detection and characterization of spacer integration intermediates in type I-E CRISPR–Cas system – Zihni Arslan – Nucleic Acids Research

“We identified and characterized in Escherichia coli intermediate states of spacer integration and mapped the integration site at the chromosomal CRISPR array in vivo. “

Bioinformatics

Screen shot 2014-07-03 at 03.59PM, Jul 03Nucleic Acids Research published their yearly Web Server issue. The names of some tools alone are very entertaining (CHOPCHOP, Coffee, COGNAC, just to lists some C’s), but here are some resources that sound interesting:

Alignment-Annotator web server: rendering and annotating sequence alignments
Christoph Gille

Spaced words and kmacs: fast alignment-free sequence comparison based on inexact word matches – Sebastian Horwege

EvoCor: a platform for predicting functionally related genes using phylogenetic and expression profiles – W. James Dittmar

CFM-ID: a web server for annotation, spectrum prediction and metabolite identification from tandem mass spectra – Felicity Allen

PIQMIe: a web server for semi-quantitative proteomics data management and analysis – Arnold Kuzniar

PTHGRN: unraveling post-translational hierarchical gene regulatory networks using PPI, ChIP-seq and gene expression data – Daogang Guan

BioMet Toolbox 2.0: genome-wide analysis of metabolism and omics data – Manuel Garcia-Albornoz

deepTools: a flexible platform for exploring deep-sequencing data – Fidel Ramírez

PrecisePrimer: an easy-to-use web server for designing PCR primers for DNA library cloning and DNA shuffling – Cyrille Pauthenier

PubServer: literature searches by homology – Lukasz Jaroszewski

Arsenic metabolism

Arsenic color toolSediment color tool for targeting arsenic-safe aquifers for the installation of shallow drinking water tubewells – Mohammed Hossain – Science of the Total Environment

“Laboratory analysis of 521 groundwater samples collected from 144 wells during 2009 to 2011 indicate that As concentrations in groundwater were generally higher in the black colored sediments with an average of 239 μg/L.”

Screen shot 2014-07-03 at 03.55PM, Jul 03Arsenite stimulates glutathione export and glycolytic flux in viable primary rat brain astrocytes – Nimesha Tadepalle – Neurochemistry International

“The strong stimulation of GSH export by arsenite was prevented by MK571, an inhibitor of the multidrug resistance protein 1, suggesting that this transporter mediates the accelerated GSH export.”

Screen shot 2014-07-03 at 03.55PM, Jul 03 1Trichoderma spp. alleviate phytotoxicity in lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.) irrigated with arsenic-contaminated water – Antonio G. Caporale – Journal of Plant Physiology

“Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi (PGPF) of both Trichoderma species alleviated, at least in part, the phytotoxicity of As, essentially by decreasing its accumulation in the tissues and enhancing plant growth, P status and net photosynthesis rate.”

Dengue

Kwissa DengueDengue Virus Infection Induces Expansion of a CD14+CD16+ Monocyte Population that Stimulates Plasmablast Differentiation – Marcin Kwissa – Cell Host & Microbe

“Transcriptomic analysis of whole blood revealed that genes encoding proinflammatory mediators and type I interferon-related proteins were associated with high DENV levels during initial symptomatic disease. “

dengue bidetG3BP1, G3BP2 and CAPRIN1 Are Required for Translation of Interferon Stimulated mRNAs and Are Targeted by a Dengue Virus Non-coding RNA – Katell Bidet – PLOS Pathogens

“We examined three conserved host RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) G3BP1, G3BP2 and CAPRIN1 in dengue virus (DENV-2) infection and found them to be novel regulators of the interferon (IFN) response against DENV-2. “

Dengue Virus Persists in Stored Platelets and Red Blood Cells – Michael R. Sutherland – Transfusion Medicine Reviews

“…we investigated the persistence of DENV (serotypes 1-4) in stored platelet (PC) and red blood cell concentrates (RCC) under standard blood bank conditions. “

2013: Rise of the deadly dengue fever in Pakistan – Anum Wasim – Journal of Infection and Public Health

“Last year saw more than 17000 dengue cases being reported from all over the country, the highest number ever in the country’s history.”

Women in Science 

Gender: Perception differences – Nature

“Female leaders underrate how their bosses and colleagues perceive their performance, find US researchers”

Screen shot 2014-07-03 at 03.57PM, Jul 03Leader self-awareness: An examination and implications of women’s under-prediction –
Rachel E. Sturm – Journal of Organizational Behavior

“…women under-predict their bosses’ ratings of their leadership compared with men, even though they self-rate the same and are rated by their bosses similarly to men”

 

10 Words Every Girl Should Learn – Soraya Chemaly – Huffington Post

Yes! This! “A woman, speaking clearly and out loud, can say something that no one appears to hear, only to have a man repeat it minutes, maybe seconds later, to accolades and group discussion.”

Science, Publishing, and Ethics

Science Editorial: Raising the bar – Marcia McNutt – Science

“For that reason, with much help from the American Statistical Association, Science has established, effective 1 July 2014, a Statistical Board of Reviewing Editors (SBoRE), consisting of experts in various aspects of statistics and data analysis, to provide better oversight of the interpretation of observational data.”

Science ethics: Young scientists speak – Shelly Benjaminy – Science

“What is the most challenging ethical question facing young investigators in your field? How should it be addressed? In April, we asked young scientists to tell us their thoughts.“

Science and Art

Screen shot 2014-07-03 at 03.57PM, Jul 03 1Can You Guess What These Cute Pink Tiles Are Made Of? – Francie Diep – Popular Science

“These images are from research into new techniques for medical diagnoses and biometrics.”

Dr. Bik’s Picks

Screen shot 2014-07-03 at 03.51PM, Jul 03Multiple evidence strands suggest that there may be as few as 19 000 human protein-coding genes – Iakes Ezkurdia – Human Molecular Genetics

“Here, we mapped peptides detected in seven large-scale proteomics studies to almost 60% of the protein-coding genes in the GENCODE annotation of the human genome. “

Screen shot 2014-07-03 at 03.50PM, Jul 03With Help From Extinct Humans, Tibetans Adapted To High Altitude – Rae Ellen Bichell – NPR

“According to Nielsen and a bunch of geneticists writing in the journal Nature, the Tibetans appear to have benefited from a genetic gift from the Denisovans, an extinct human ancestor known primarily from a little girl’s tooth and pinkie bone.”

Screen shot 2014-07-03 at 03.49PM, Jul 03NSF to decide all future grant proposals by penalty shoot-out – The Allium

““We feel that this will be a much less random way of giving out funding”, said Dr. France Cordóva, Director of the NSF.”

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