Tag Archives: Helicobacter

Microbiome digest, August 28, 2014

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Cool new study today by Jack Gilbert on the bacteria living in our homes, what happens to you microbiome after you die, (gut) microbiome and respiratory diseases, lots of water studies, and Bik’s Picks.

General  human microbiome 

* Your death microbiome could catch your killer – Anna Williams – NewScientist

“These “friendly” bacteria adhere to the lining of the gut and keep the microbial villains at bay by outcompeting them. After we die, however, our gut flora have a party.“

Human respiratory microbiome

The Microbiome and the Lung – Lijia Cui – Annals of the American Thoracic Society

“In this review, we provide an overview of the basics of microbiome studies.”

Microbiome Diversity and Asthma and Allergy Risk – Antje Legatzki – Current Allergy and Asthma Reports

“In this review, we will discuss the available literature concerning the human microbiota and asthma and allergy development and occurrence. “

Gut microbiome

You waited for it: The journal Helicobacter has a Helicobacter special!
Gastric and Enterohepatic Helicobacters other than Helicobacter pylori –
Armelle Ménard – Helicobacter

“Several studies highlighted the virulence of non-H. pylori species including H. cinaedi in humans and hyperlipidemic mice or H. macacae in geriatric rhesus monkeys with intestinal adenocarcinoma. “

Pregnancy and birth

Systemic Inflammation in the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn Following Maternal Genitourinary Infections – Raina N. Fichorova – American Journal of Reproductive Immunology

“Mothers of 914 infants born before 28th gestation week reported cervical/vaginal infection (CVI), and/or urine/bladder/kidney infection (UTI), or neither. Inflammation proteins measured in baby’s blood”

Animal models of microbiome research

Intestinal Microbial Variation May Predict Early Acute Rejection after Liver Transplantation in Rats – Ren, Zhigang – Transplantation

“cluster analysis of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles showed the 7AR and 3AR groups clustered together with 73.4% similarity, suggesting that intestinal microbiota was more sensitive than hepatic function in responding to AR.”

Microbiology of the built environment

* Longitudinal analysis of microbial interaction between humans and the indoor environment – Simon Lax – Science

“Microbial communities associated with seven families and their homes over 6 weeks were assessed, including three families that moved their home. “

* Sloan Microbiology of the Built Environment Data Analysis Workshop (secrets of QIIME, VAMPS and QIITA) January 6-7, 2015 – Jonathan Eisen – MicroBEnet

“to learn hands-on how to use these tools on their own data, to perform meta-analyses that combine built environment datasets“

Water microbiome

Microbial weeds in hypersaline habitats: the enigma of the weed-like Haloferax mediterranei – Aharon Oren and John E. Hallsworth – FEMS Microbiology Letters

“Here, we discuss the enigma of the less abundant Haloferax mediterranei, an archaeon that grows faster than any other, comparable extreme halophile.”

Bacterial profiling in brine samples of the Emalahleni Water Reclamation Plant, South Africa, using 454-pyrosequencing method – Sudharshan Sekar – FEMS Microbiology Letters

“A metagenomic approach was applied using 454-pyrosequencing data analysis for the profiling of bacterial communities in the brine samples of the water reclamation plant. “

The role of dispersal mode and habitat specialisation in metacommunity structuring of aquatic macroinvertebrates in isolated spring fens – Vanda Rádková – Freshwater Biology

“We applied two species categorisations, common/rare and generalists/specialists, to disentangle the roles of dispersal capacity and habitat specialisation.”

Shifts in archaeaplankton community structure along ecological gradients of Pearl Estuary – Jiwen Liu – FEMS Microbiology Ecology

“Using 454 pyrosequencing, the present study examined the archaeal communities along a subtropical estuary, Pearl Estuary, China. “

Soil microbiome

The Effects of Radiation Pollution on the Population Diversities and Metabolic Characteristics of Soil Microorganisms – Meiying Gu – Water, Air, & Soil Pollution

“Microbial diversities were determined by using methods of cultured isolates and carbon source utilization on Biolog EcoPlate™. “

Bik’s Picks

A chocolate habit in ancient North America – Michael Bawaya – Science

“the findings suggest regular trade in cacao—and movements of the people who imbued it with significance—between ancient Mesoamericans and their northern neighbors, says Dorothy Washburn, an archaeologist at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology “

Babies may be good at remembering, and forgetting – Laura Sanders – Science News

“over 20 percent of 5-year-olds and 8- to 9-year olds recounted events from their first year, some from the very first months of life.”

How the zebrafish gets its stripes: Uncovering how beautiful color patterns can develop in animals – Science Daily

“Three major pigment cell types, black cells, reflective silvery cells, and yellow cells emerge during growth in the skin of the tiny juvenile fish and arrange as a multi-layered mosaic to compose the characteristic color pattern. “

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Human microbiome digest, July 21

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Today we have articles on two microbiome pioneers: Rob Knight and Jeffrey Gordon, as well as papers on periodontitis, eczema, Crohn’s disease, and Helicobacter.

General microbiome

The effects of the microbiota on the host immune system – Jacek Karczewski – Autoimmunity

“This review is focused on host–microbiota interactions, specifically on influence of bacterial-derived signals on immune cell function and the mechanisms by which these signals modulate the development and progression of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.”

Imposition of encapsulated non-indigenous probiotics into intestine may disturbs human core microbiome – Abolfazl Barzegari – Frontiers in Microbiology

“We envision that the lack of survivability of some of the probiotic candidates within such hostile milieu of GIT may negatively affect the coevolving process of bacteria in human host and hence impact the endpoint health promotion goals.”

40 under 40: Rob Knight – Cell

“Some dead scientists who I would have loved to have had the opportunity to work with include Carl Woese, Richard Feynman, Francis Crick, Erwin Chargaff, Sewall Wright, Benjamin Franklin, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Robert Boyle, Eratosthenes, and Lucretius. These lists are intended to be illustrative rather than exhaustive; according to my NSF Conflict of Interest form I have written grants or papers with about 750 people, all of whom I admire.”

Jeffrey I. Gordon, M.D., Will Receive Pitt’s Dickson Prize at Science 2014—Sustain It! – University of Pittsburgh

“A scientist who has explored how the tens of trillions of microbes that live in the gastrointestinal tract and their genes influence human physiology, metabolism and nutritional status will receive the University of Pittsburgh’s 2014 Dickson Prize in Medicine.”

Oral microbiome

Quantitative analysis of classical and new putative periodontal pathogens in subgingival biofilm: a case–control study – N. N. Al-hebshi – Journal of Periodontal Research

“Pooled subgingival biofilm samples were obtained from 40 patients with chronic periodontitis and 40 healthy controls. Taqman q-PCR assays were used to determine the absolute and relative counts of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Parvimonas micra, Filifactor alocis, oral Synergistetes and oral TM7s. “

Skin microbiome

Review: Microbiota in Healthy Skin and in Atopic Eczema – Giuseppe Baviera – BioMed Research International

“This review also highlights recent observations on the importance of innate immune systems and the relationship with normal skin microflora for the maintenance of healthy skin.”

Gastric microbiome

Microbial Profile of the Stomach: Comparison between Normal Mucosa and Cancer Tissue in the Same Patient – Incheol Seo – Journal of Bacteriology and Virology

“In this study, we identified differences in the microbial communities between gastric cancer and normal gastric mucosa by comparing the microbiomes of tissues from the same patients. The clustering analysis results showed different bacterial communities between normal gastric mucosa and gastric cancer.”

Motility and Chemotaxis Mediate the Preferential Colonization of Gastric Injury Sites by Helicobacter pylori – Eitaro Aihara – PLOS Pathogens

“Using anesthetized mice in which we have induced microscopic damage to the stomach surface, we find that H. pylori is able to rapidly detect and navigate towards this damage site. Within minutes, bacterial accumulation slows repair of the damage.”

Gut microbiome

Metabolic Modeling of Common Escherichia coli Strains in Human Gut Microbiome
Yue-Dong Gao – BioMed Research International

“we investigated the E. coli strains in human gut microbiome using deep sequencing data and reconstructed genome-wide metabolic networks for the three most common E. coli strains, including E. coli HS, UTI89, and CFT073. “

Analysis of Gut Microbiome and Diet Modification in Patients with Crohn’s Disease [PDF] – Sumathi Sankaran Walters – Symbiosis

“Fecal samples were obtained from patients with Crohn’s disease in a pilot diet crossover trial comparing the effects of a specific carbohydrate diet (SCD) versus a low residue diet (LRD) on the composition and complexity of the gut microbiota and resolution of IBD symptoms. The gut microbiota composition was assessed using a high-density DNA microarray PhyloChip “

Review: Managing the manager: Gut microbes, stem cells and metabolism –
M. Serino – Diabetes & Metabolism

“The LPS-sensitive cell types can be seen within bone marrow-derived cells (BMC), which are involved in the development of inflammation in the adipose tissue of obese and type 2 diabetic mice. “

 

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Non-human microbiome

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Microbiomes of frogs, kakapo birds, and very hot water springs. And a special on Ed DeLong.

Cow microbiome

RumenRumen Cellulosomics: Divergent Fiber-Degrading Strategies Revealed by Comparative Genome-Wide Analysis of Six Ruminococcal Strains – Bareket Dassa – PLOS ONE

“Here, we have used a bioinformatics-based approach to explore the cellulosome-related components of six genomes from two of the primary fiber-degrading bacteria in the rumen”

Reptile microbiome

Occurrence, Diversity, and Host Association of Intestinal Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter in Reptiles – Maarten J. Gilbert – PLOS ONE

“Based on PCR, Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter were detected in 69.3% of the reptiles; 82.5% of the chelonians, 63.8% of the lizards, and 58.0% of the snakes were positive for one or more of these genera.”

Amphibian microbiome

Frog taggingTagging Frogs with Passive Integrated Transponders Causes Disruption of the Cutaneous Bacterial Community and Proliferation of Opportunistic Fungi – Rachael E. Antwis – Applied and Environmental Microbiology

“We find that PIT tagging causes a major disruption to the bacterial community associated with the skin of frogs (∼12-fold increase in abundance), as well as a concurrent proliferation in resident fungi (up to ∼200-fold increase).”

Bird microbiome

Influence of Hand Rearing and Bird Age on the Fecal Microbiota of the Critically Endangered Kakapo – David W. Waite – Applied and Environmental Microbiology

“Amplicon pyrosequencing revealed a juvenile fecal microbiota enriched with particular lactic acid bacteria compared to the microbiota of adults, although the overall community structure did not differ significantly among kakapos of different ages. “

Multilocus Sequence Typing Confirms Wild Birds as the Source of a Campylobacter Outbreak Associated with the Consumption of Raw Peas – Patrick S. L. Kwan – Applied and Environmental Microbiology

“Novel STs clustered closely with isolates typically associated with wild birds and the environment but distinct from lineages commonly seen in human infections. “

 

Sponge microbiome

SpongeIn Situ Natural Product Discovery via an Artificial Marine Sponge – James J. La Clair – PLOS ONE

“Retrieving this artificial sponge from a tropical ecosystem after deployment for 320 hours afforded three actin–targeting jasplakinolide depsipeptides that had been discovered two decades earlier using traditional sponge specimen collection and isolation procedures.”

 

Water microbiology

Profile of Edward DeLong – Paul Gabrielsen – PNAS

“DeLong has learned that studying a reservoir of life as large and diverse as the ocean can lead to unexpected discoveries. “We’re continually being surprised,” he says.”

Handling Temperature Bursts Reaching 464°C: Different Microbial Strategies in the Sisters Peak Hydrothermal Chimney – Mirjam Perner – Applied and Environmental Microbiology

“The SP metagenome reveals considerable differences in the taxonomic composition from those of other hydrothermal vent and subsurface samples; these could be better explained by temperature than by other available abiotic parameters. “

Methanotrophic bacteria in warm geothermal spring sediments identified using stable isotope probing – Christine E. Sharp – FEMS Microbiology Ecology

“Quantitative (q)PCR of pmoA genes identified the position of the heavy (13C-labelled) DNA fractions in density gradients, and 16S rRNA gene pyrotag sequencing of the heavy fractions was performed to identify the active methanotrophs.”

Bacterial and archaeal communities in long-term contaminated surface and subsurface soil evaluated through co-extracted RNA and DNA – Anu Mikkonen – FEMS Microbiology Ecology

“Soil RNA and DNA were co-extracted along a contamination gradient at a landfarming field with aged crude oil contamination to investigate pollution-dependent differences in 16S rRNA and rRNA gene pools”

rpoD Gene Pyrosequencing for the Assessment of Pseudomonas Diversity in a Water Sample from the Woluwe River – David Sánchez – Applied and Environmental Microbiology

“Culture-independent methods consisted of cloning and pyrosequencing of a Pseudomonas rpoD amplicon from total DNA extracted from the same sample and amplified with selective rpoD gene primers. “

Influence of DNA Extraction Method, 16S rRNA Targeted Hypervariable Regions, and Sample Origin on Microbial Diversity Detected by 454 Pyrosequencing in Marine Chemosynthetic Ecosystems – Perrine Cruaud – Applied and Environmental Microbiology

“Thanks to statistical and diversity analyses as well as inference of operational taxonomic unit (OTU) networks, we show that (i) while DNA extraction methods do not seem to affect the results for some samples, they can lead to dramatic changes for others; and (ii) the choice of amplification and sequencing primers also considerably affects the microbial community detected in the samples.”

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Non-human microbiome, June 25

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Mongolian Gerbils, soil microbiome affects plant flowering time, soybeans, and seawater viruses.

Mammalian microbiome

Screen shot 2014-06-25 at 01.26PM, Jun 25Helicobacter pylori Induced Gastric Immunopathology Is Associated with Distinct Microbiota Changes in the Large Intestines of Long-Term Infected Mongolian Gerbils – Markus M. Heimesaat – PLOS ONE

“Comprehensive cultural analyses revealed that severe gastric diseases such as atrophic pangastritis and precancerous transformations were accompanied by elevated luminal loads of E. coli and enterococci in the caecum and together with Bacteroides/Prevotella spp. in the colon of H. pylori WT, but not MUT infected gerbils as compared to naïve animals. “

Plant microbiome

Screen shot 2014-06-25 at 01.27PM, Jun 25Changes in the Bacterial Community of Soybean Rhizospheres during Growth in the Field – Akifumi Sugiyama – PLOS ONE

“Pyrosequencing analysis revealed that differences between the bacterial communities of rhizosphere and bulk soils at the phylum level; i.e., Proteobacteria were increased, while Acidobacteria and Firmicutes were decreased in rhizosphere soil during growth. “

Screen shot 2014-06-25 at 06.41PM, Jun 25Natural soil microbes alter flowering phenology and the intensity of selection on flowering time in a wild Arabidopsis relative – Maggie R. Wagner – Ecology Letters

“Here, we tested separately the effects of four naturally occurring soil microbiomes and their constituent soil chemistries on flowering phenology and reproductive fitness of Boechera stricta, a wild relative of Arabidopsis. “

Water microbiology

Screen shot 2014-06-25 at 01.27PM, Jun 25 1Anthropogenic Litter in Urban Freshwater Ecosystems: Distribution and Microbial Interactions – Timothy Hoellein – PLOS ONE

“To assess microbial interactions with AL, we incubated AL and natural substrates in 3 freshwater ecosystems, quantified biofilm metabolism as gross primary production (GPP) and community respiration (CR), and characterized biofilm bacterial community composition via high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes.”

Screen shot 2014-06-25 at 01.28PM, Jun 25Comparison of Deep-Water Viromes from the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea – Christian Winter – PLOS ONE

“The identifiable richness and relative abundance in both viromes were dominated by archaeal and bacterial viruses accounting for 92.3% of the relative abundance in the Atlantic Ocean and for 83.6% in the Mediterranean Sea. “

Screen shot 2014-06-25 at 01.28PM, Jun 25 1The Marine Microbial Eukaryote Transcriptome Sequencing Project (MMETSP): Illuminating the Functional Diversity of Eukaryotic Life in the Oceans through Transcriptome Sequencing – Patrick J. Keeling – PLOS Biology

“The MMETSP relies primarily on cultured organisms, and this introduces a different set of biases, most obviously, favoring organisms that are photosynthetic. “

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Microbiome and general biology, June 20

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It was a quiet day on the microbiome research front, so there will only be one post today. But, with vampire bats, Bacillus anthracis, and fish-eating spiders, it’s a good one!

Pregnancy and Birth

Screen Shot 2014-06-20 at 10.08.36 PMStudy Finds Certain Birth Defects are more Common in Hispanics – Cheri Cheng

“”One of the things that caught our eye was, while Hispanics represent 17 percent of the population, 24 percent of premature babies are Hispanic,” said Dr. Edward McCabe, senior vice president and chief medical officer of the March of Dimes, a nonprofit organization.”

Animal models of human microbiota

BacillusColonic Immune Suppression, Barrier Dysfunction, and Dysbiosis by Gastrointestinal Bacillus anthracis Infection – Yaíma L. Lightfoot – PLOS ONE

“Herein, we investigated the pathogenesis of GI anthrax in animals orally infected with toxigenic non-encapsulated B. anthracis Sterne strain (pXO1+ pXO2−) spores that resulted in rapid animal death.”

Screen Shot 2014-06-20 at 9.53.32 PMBiology Students Study Stomach Bacteria – Pengxeu Thao – University of Minnesota Morris

“Wyckoff and her students are spending the summer studyingHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a Gram-negative bacterium found in the human stomach.”

Amphibian microbiome

AmphibCool Temperatures Reduce Antifungal Activity of Symbiotic Bacteria of Threatened Amphibians – Implications for Disease Management and Patterns of Decline – Joshua H. Daskin – PLOS ONE

“We characterized, at a range of temperatures approximating natural seasonal variation, the anti-Bd activity of bacterial symbionts from the skins of three species of rainforest tree frogs (Litoria nannotis, Litoria rheocola, and Litoria serrata)”

Plant microbiology

Screen Shot 2014-06-20 at 10.09.21 PMScientists look to bacteria to protect crop yields in the face of climate change – Jennifer Huizen – E&E Publishing

“If proved effective, this technology would decrease the amount of key nutrients like nitrogen and, most notably, water needed by the plant, while increasing the yield,” said Lin Myat, a postdoctoral fellow of molecular biology and genetics at Cornell “

belongs to

Screen Shot 2014-06-20 at 10.06.07 PMβ-Carboxysomal proteins assemble into highly organized structures in Nicotiana chloroplasts – Myat T. Lin – The Plant Journal

“We demonstrate that a foreign protein can be targeted with a 17-amino-acid CcmN peptide to the shell proteins inside chloroplasts. Our experiments establish the feasibility of introducing carboxysomes into chloroplasts for the potential compartmentalization of Rubisco or other proteins.”

Food microbiology

Screen Shot 2014-06-20 at 10.23.17 PMHaley Oliver: Master of Meat – Jef Akst – The Scientist

“In her own lab at Purdue University, Oliver studies the spread of Listeria in other foods, such as melons, and investigates sanitation strategies that may limit contamination and increase food shelf life. “

Infection and host response

InflammationInflammation: Gone with Translation – Carola G. Vinuesa, Thomas Preiss – PLOS Genetics

“Over the last few years, a number of studies have investigated global gene activation induced by pathogen-derived stimuli to gain insights into the modes of induction of the inflammatory mediators and regulators.”

Dengue

Screen Shot 2014-06-20 at 9.18.31 PMThe Need for More Research and Public Health Interventions on Dengue Fever in Burkina Faso – Valéry Ridde – PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases

“…our aim in this article is to draw attention to the need for rapid deployment of research and interventions on dengue fever in Burkina Faso, because it appears to have been overlooked, with the focus being, instead, on malaria.”

Dengue NKTInvariant NKT Cell Response to Dengue Virus Infection in Human
Ponpan Matangkasombut – PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases

“iNKT cells activation were analyzed by the expression of CD69 by flow cytometry. Their cytokine production was then analyzed after α-GalCer stimulation”

General microbiology

Screen Shot 2014-06-20 at 9.19.15 PMVampire Bats and Rabies: Toward an Ecological Solution to a Public Health Problem – Benjamin Stoner-Duncan – PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases

“In the first half of 2011, 21 school-age children and two adults died of rabies transmitted by the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) in and around the small rural village of Yupicusa in the Peruvian Amazon”

VectorCrossing the Interspecies Barrier: Opening the Door to Zoonotic Pathogens – Christian Gortazar – PLOS Pathogens

“The species barriers separating nonhuman animal species from humans represent a major hurdle for effective exposure to, infection by, and subsequent spread of zoonotic pathogens among humans”

Screen Shot 2014-06-20 at 9.35.19 PMHuman sweat can reduce bacteria fighting capabilities – ZeeNews

“A new research has revealed that human sweat can diminish bacteria-fighting qualities of brass objects like door knobs and taps within an hour of contact.”

 

Dr. Bik’s Picks

Screen Shot 2014-06-20 at 10.11.49 PMFish Predation by Semi-Aquatic Spiders: A Global Pattern – Martin Nyffeler – PLOS ONE

“More than 80 incidences of fish predation by semi-aquatic spiders – observed at the fringes of shallow freshwater streams, rivers, lakes, ponds, swamps, and fens – are reviewed.”

Screen Shot 2014-06-20 at 10.15.09 PMUS sets up honey bee loss task force – BBC News

“In the plan announced on Friday, Mr Obama directed the EPA and the agriculture department to lead a government-wide task force to develop a strategy within six months to fight bee and other pollinator declines.“

Screen Shot 2014-06-20 at 10.17.07 PMStrict diet suspends development, doubles lifespan of worms – Science Daily

“Researchers at Duke University found that taking food away from C. elegans triggers a state of arrested development: while the organism continues to wriggle about, foraging for food, its cells and organs are suspended in an ageless, quiescent state. “

Screen Shot 2014-06-20 at 10.26.39 PMFinding thoughts in speech: How human brain processes thoughts during natural communication – Science Daily

“The novelty of the authors’ approach is that the participants were not instructed to think and talk about a given topic in an experimental setting. “

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