Tag Archives: plaque

Microbiome digest, October 22, 2014

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Microbes in the mouth of patients with heart disease, bile and gall bladder microbiome of pigs, precisely restoring resistance to Clostridium difficile infection, and networks between fungi and plants. And don’t forget the solar eclipse tomorrow PM for most of the US.

Human oral microbiome

Microbial Diversity Similarities in Periodontal Pockets and Atheromatous Plaques of Cardiovascular Disease Patients – Wagner Serra e Silva Filho – PLOS ONE

“Subgingival biofilm and coronary balloons used in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty were collected from 18 subjects presenting with generalized moderate to severe periodontitis and OCAA. DNA was extracted and the gene 16S was amplified, cloned and sequenced.”

Human gut microbiome

Dietary Patterns Differently Associate with Inflammation and Gut Microbiota in Overweight and Obese Subjects – Ling Chun Kong – PLOS ONE

“We aimed to characterize dietary patterns in overweight and obese subjects and evaluate the different dietary patterns in relation to metabolic and inflammatory variables as well as gut microbiota.”

Impact of diet and individual variation on intestinal microbiota composition and fermentation products in obese men – Anne Salonen – ISME Journal

“Here we report a comprehensive and deep microbiota analysis of 14 obese males consuming fully controlled diets supplemented with resistant starch (RS) or non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) and a weight-loss (WL) diet.”

Animal models of microbiome research

* Precision microbiome reconstitution restores bile acid mediated resistance to Clostridium difficile – Charlie G. Buffie – Nature

“..we determine that Clostridium scindens, a bile acid 7α-dehydroxylating intestinal bacterium, is associated with resistance to C. difficile infection and, upon administration, enhances resistance to infection in a secondary bile acid dependent fashion.”

* Changes in the Bacterial Microbiota in Gut, Blood, and Lungs following Acute LPS Instillation into Mice Lungs – Marc A. Sze – PLOS ONE

“Bacterial microbiota of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, blood, and cecum were determined using 454 pyrotag sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) at 4 through 168 hours post-instillation.”

Specific Microbiome Changes in a Mouse Model of Parenteral Nutrition Associated Liver Injury and Intestinal Inflammation – J. Kirk Harris – PLOS ONE

“Microbiome analysis in the PNALI mouse identified specific alterations within colonic microbiota associated with PNALI and further association of these communities with the lipid composition of the PN solution. “

Animal microbiome

Characterization of the bile and gall bladder microbiota of healthy pigs – Esther Jiménez – Microbiology Open

“We have studied, by culture-dependent techniques and a 16S rRNA gene-based analysis, the microbiota present in the bile, gall bladder mucus, and biopsies of healthy sows”

Characterization of Egg Laying Hen and Broiler Fecal Microbiota in Poultry Farms in Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovenia – Petra Videnska – PLOS ONE

“In this study we were therefore interested in the prevalence of selected antibiotic resistance genes and microbiota composition in feces of egg laying hens and broilers originating from 4 different Central European countries determined by real-time PCR and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing, respectively. “

Plant microbiome

* Assembly of complex plant–fungus networks – Hirokazu Toju – Nature Communications

“The examined symbiotic network of a temperate forest in Japan includes 33 plant species and 387 functionally and phylogenetically diverse fungal taxa, and the overall network architecture differs fundamentally from that of other ecological networks. “

Soils and sediments

The long-term adaptation of bacterial communities in metal-contaminated sediments: a metaproteogenomic study – David C. Gillan – Environmental Microbiology

“Two freshwater sites, Férin and MetalEurop, differing by one order of magnitude in metal levels (MetalEurop: 3218 mg Zn kg−1; 913 mg Pb kg−1) were compared by shotgun metaproteogenomics. “

Bioinformatics / metabolomics

* Biogeochemical Typing of Paddy Field by a Data-Driven Approach Revealing Sub-Systems within a Complex Environment – A Pipeline to Filtrate, Organize and Frame Massive Dataset from Multi-Omics Analyses – Diogo M. O. Ogawa – PLOS ONE

“We propose the technique of biogeochemical typing (BGC typing) as a novel methodology to set forth the sub-systems of organismal communities associated to the correlated chemical profiles working within a larger complex environment. “

Estimating coverage in metagenomic data sets and why it matters – Luis M Rodriguez-R and Konstantinos T Konstantinidis – ISME Journal

“We demonstrate here how available solutions can determine the level of sequencing coverage obtained by metagenomic data sets and thus, guide their robust analysis and comparison.”

Immunology

* Fall issue of Stanford Medicine reports on the immune system’s balancing act

“If you want to understand the human immune system, try studying humans — not mice, urges Mark Davis, PhD, in a special report on the immune system in the new issue of Stanford Medicine magazine.”

Bik’s Picks

Genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia – Qiaomei Fu – Nature

“the genomic segments of Neanderthal ancestry are substantially longer than those observed in present-day individuals, indicating that Neanderthal gene flow into the ancestors of this individual occurred 7,000–13,000 years before he lived. “

Sky spectacle: Partial solar eclipse coming Thursday – USA Today

“In the afternoon, a partial solar eclipse — where the moon covers a part of the sun — will be visible across much of the USA, barring any pesky clouds that could block the show.”

Go Giants! The Science of Baseball – Exploratorium

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Human microbiome digest, August 25, 2014

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Oral microbiome in the settings of periodontitis, smoking and antibiotic resistance, respiratory microbiome in Cystic Fibrosis, a decade of molecular papers on vaginal microbiome, and gut bacteria protecting against food allergies.

Oral microbiome

* Microbial Signature Profiles of Periodontally Healthy and Diseased Patients – Talita Gomes Baêta Lourenço – Journal of Clinical Periodontology

“Subgingival biofilm was obtained from patients with periodontal health (27), gingivitis (11), chronic periodontitis (35) and aggressive periodontitis (24), and analyzed for the presence of >250 species/phylotypes using HOMIM. “

Smoking decreases structural and functional resilience in the subgingival ecosystem – Vinayak Joshi – Journal of Clinical Periodontology

“16S cloning and sequencing was used for bacterial identification and multiplexed bead-based flow cytometry was used to quantify the levels of 27 immune mediators.”

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria are not detected in supragingival plaque samples from human fecal carriers of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae – Arne Søraas – Journal of Oral Microbiology

“No ESBL-producing bacteria or ESBL genes were detected using culture-based and molecular methods. “

Clonality of bacterial consortia in root canals and subjacent gingival crevices – Nipuna B. Parahitiyawa – Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry

“The four niches studied yielded 186 clones representing 54 phylotypes. Clone library comparisons using LIBSHUFF software indicated that each niche was inhabited by a unique flora. “

Respiratory microbiome

* Antimicrobial resistance in the respiratory microbiota of people with cystic fibrosis –
Laura J Sherrard – The Lancet

“Strategies to manage antimicrobial resistance consist of new antibiotics or localised delivery of antimicrobial agents, iron sequestration, inhibition of quorum-sensing, and resistome analysis.”

Evidence that Intraspecific Trait Variation among Nasal Bacteria Shapes the Distribution of Staphylococcus aureus – Ben Libberton – Infection and Immunity

“We characterized S. aureus growth inhibition by the culturable bacterial aerobe consortia of 60 nasal microbiomes, and this revealed intraspecific variation in growth inhibition and that inhibitory isolates clustered within communities that were culture negative for S. aureus. “

Gary Huffnagle: rewriting the rules on the lung microbiome – David Holmes – The Lancet

“The ideas being generated by Huffnagle at the moment are all about the lung microbiome and its role in the pathogenesis of everything from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to asthma, and they’re starting to make waves.”

Vaginal microbiome

* The Vaginal Microbiota: What Have We Learned after a Decade of Molecular Characterization? – Janneke H. H. M. van de Wijgert – PLOS ONE

“We conducted a systematic review of the Medline database … to determine if consistent molecular vaginal microbiota (VMB) composition patterns can be discerned after a decade of molecular testing, and to evaluate demographic, behavioral and clinical determinants of VMB compositions.”

Gut microbiome

Modelling the Emergent Dynamics and Major Metabolites of the Human Colonic Microbiota – Helen Kettle – Environmental Microbiology

“We present here a first attempt at modelling microbial dynamics in the human colon incorporating both uncertainty and adaptation. “

Animal models of human microbiome

Commensal bacteria protect against food allergen sensitization – Andrew T. Stefka – PNAS USA

“By selectively colonizing gnotobiotic mice, we demonstrate that the allergy-protective capacity is conferred by a Clostridia-containing microbiota. “

Pregnancy and Birth

Researcher Granted $1 Million to Study Deadly Bacteria Passed to Babies From 25 Percent of Mothers – Infection Control Today

“Narayana Sthanam, PhD, professor of structural biology in the Department of Optometry, has been awarded a four-year, $1 million R01 grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, part of the National Institutes of Health, to further Group B Streptococcus research.”

Microbiome News

* Satire: Study Reveals Microbiome To Be Master-Controller Of All Humanity – The Allium

“Science has already found out that your microbiome at birth decides your taste in clothes and music, whether you are going to be great footballer like David Beckham or a great political leader like Sarah Palin.”

9 questions you were too grossed out to ask about the bacteria living on you – Susannah Locke – Vox

“What researchers have discovered is that our bodies are essentially complex ecosystems of tiny living things. “

Interview with Prof. Yolanda Sanz, project coordinator of My New Gut – Kristina Campbell – Gut Microbiota For Health

“Professor Yolanda Sanz has been appointed MyNewGut’s project coordinator and leads the project’s human intervention trials on the gut microbiome’s ability to metaolise (sic) nutrients and influence energy balance. “

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Human microbiome digest, August 19, 2014

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Lots of oral and gut microbiome papers today – Alzheimer’s, probiotics, chemotherapy and radiation.

Oral microbiome

Review: The Microbiome and Disease: Reviewing the Links between the Oral Microbiome, Aging, and Alzheimer’s Disease – Deborah K. Shoemark – Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease

“Evidence linking oral bacteria to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is discussed in the context of aging, drawing together data from epidemiological, experimental, genetic, and environmental studies. “

* Human oral viruses are personal, persistent and gender-consistent – Shira R Abeles – ISME Journal

“To improve our understanding of the DNA viruses that inhabit the human oral cavity, we examined saliva from a cohort of eight unrelated subjects over a 60-day period. “

* Predictive modeling of gingivitis severity and susceptibility via oral microbiota – Shi Huang – ISME Journal

“In diseased plaque microbiota, 27 bacterial genera changed in relative abundance and functional genes including 33 flagellar biosynthesis-related groups were enriched.”

Phylogenetic and functional gene structure shifts of the oral microbiomes in periodontitis patients – Yan Li – ISME Journal

“Here, we examined the phylogenetic and functional gene differences between periodontal and healthy individuals using MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and a specific functional gene array”

Perspective: Fungal-bacterial interactions and their relevance to oral health: linking the clinic and the bench – Patricia I. Diaz – Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

“We highlight the need to conduct longitudinal clinical studies to simultaneously characterize the bacterial and fungal components of the human oral microbiome in health and during disease progression.”

Effect of an oxygenating agent on oral bacteria in vitro and on dental plaque composition in healthy young adults – Mercedes Fernandez y Mostajo – Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

“During the experiment individuals used AX mouthwash twice daily in absence of other oral hygiene measures. The microbiological composition of plaque was assessed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.”

* Review: Advancements toward a systems level understanding of the human oral microbiome
Jeffrey S. McLean – Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

“This review will discuss some of the recent insights into the oral microbiome at a fundamental level, existing knowledge gaps, as well as challenges that have surfaced and the approaches to address them.”

Gut microbiome

* Xylan utilization in human gut commensal bacteria is orchestrated by unique modular organization of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes – Meiling Zhang – PNAS USA

“Here we demonstrate that two human gut commensal Bacteroides are equipped with unique enzymes that allow degradation of xylan, a common hemicellulose in human diets.”

Evaluation of bifidobacterial community composition in the human gut by means of a targeted amplicon sequencing (ITS) protocol – Christian Milani – FEMS Microbiology Ecology

“Here, we define the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of all currently known Bifidobacterium taxa, providing a Bifidobacterium-specific primer pair that targets a hyper-variable region within the ITS suitable for precise taxonomic identification of all 48 so far recognized members of the Bifidobacterium genus.”

* Multi-omics analysis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases – Hu Huang – Immunology Letters

“There is strong evidence of interactions between host genotype, environment, and gut microbiome profile in IBD.”

The methylome of the gut microbiome: disparate Dam methylation patterns in intestinal Bacteroides dorei – Michael T. Leonard – Frontiers in Microbiology

“Here metagenomic sequencing using the Pacific Biosciences platform allowed for rapid identification of bacterial GATC methylation status of a bacterial species in human stool samples. “

Perspective: Imposition of encapsulated non-indigenous probiotics into intestine may disturb human core microbiome – Abolfazl Barzegari – Frontiers in Microbiology

“..we envision that multi-probiotic therapy and holistic personalized microbiome supplements may be scientifically justified and valued in individualized probiotic designs and even targeted therapy of life-threatening diseases such as cancers in the future. “

Editorial: gut microbiota and chemotherapy- or radiation-induced gastrointestinal mucositis – M. R. Ferreira and H. J. N. Andreyev – Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics

“Studies in those undergoing cancer therapy will lead to a new era in the treatment and prevention of the currently dreadful GI toxicity suffered by so many patients, and what we learn will almost certainly bring important insights to many other GI disorders.”

Respiratory microbiome

Cell-associated bacteria in the human lung microbiome – Robert P Dickson – Microbiome

“We present a novel methodological and analytical approach to the localization of lung microbiota and show that the prominent members of the lung microbiome are cell-associated, potentially via biofilms, cell adhesion, or intracellularity.”

Vaginal microbiome

A Systems Biology Approach Investigating the Effect of Probiotics on the Vaginal Microbiome and Host Responses in a Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial of Post-Menopausal Women – Jordan E. Bisanz – PLOS ONE

“Analysis using 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics profiling revealed that the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was increased following probiotic administration as compared to placebo, which was weakly associated with an increase in lactate levels. “

Lactobacillus-dominated cervicovaginal microbiota associated with reduced HIV/STI prevalence and genital HIV viral load in African women – Hanneke Borgdorff – ISME Journal

“In this study, cervical samples of 174 Rwandan female sex workers were analyzed cross-sectionally using a phylogenetic microarray. “

* also tweeted by @MicrobiomDigest (yup, that’s me).

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