Tag Archives: enterotypes

Human microbiome, June 23

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Lactobacillus feeding on human milk, Mycoplasma in preterm birth, and Clostridium difficile infection and gut microbiota.

Pregnancy and birth

Screen Shot 2014-06-23 at 10.51.26 PMA unique gene cluster for the utilization of the mucosal and human milk-associated glycans galacto-N-biose and lacto-N-biose in Lactobacillus casei – Gonzalo N. Bidart – Molecular Microbiology

“The data represent the first characterization of novel metabolic pathways for human milk oligosaccharides and glycoconjugate structures in Firmicutes”

Screen Shot 2014-06-23 at 11.01.13 PMReport from AANP 2014, Nashville, Tennessee: Screening for Bacteria May Help Pregnancy Outcomes – Ed Susman, MedpageToday

“In a single-center study, about 70% of symptomatic women who were screened for vaginal infections with either Mycoplasma Genitalium or Mycoplasma Hominis experienced preterm birth compared with 30% of the asymptomatic women who still underwent screening for the infections at a prenatal visit, reported Allison Phillips, DNP, of Robert Morris University in Pittsburgh, and colleagues.”

Oral microbiome

Screen Shot 2014-06-23 at 10.52.34 PMNew analysis reveals previously ‘hidden diversity’ of mouth bacteria – MBL

“Using a novel computational method called oligotyping, developed by MBL Assistant Research Scientist A. Murat Eren, scientists analyzed gene sequence data from nine sites in the oral cavity. ” “The study will be published in PNAS Online Early Edition the week of June 23-27, 2014”, but is not yet on PNAS website

Screen Shot 2014-06-23 at 10.53.35 PMEffects of pH and Lactate on Hydrogen Sulfide Production by Oral Veillonella spp. – Jumpei Washio – Applied and Environmental Microbiology

“Thus, in the present study, the H2S-producing activity of growing cells, resting cells, and cell extracts of oral Veillonella species and the effects of oral environmental factors, including pH and lactate, were investigated.”

Gut microbiome

Screen Shot 2014-06-23 at 10.54.40 PMStructural and functional changes in the gut microbiota associated to Clostridium difficile infection – Ana E. Pérez-Cobas – Frontiers in Microbiology

“Here, we analyze the composition and functional differences in the gut microbiota of C. difficile infected (CDI) versus non-infected patients, both patient groups having been treated with AB therapy. To do so we used 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic 454-based pyrosequencing approaches. “

Screen Shot 2014-06-23 at 10.58.40 PMThe HLA-DQ2 genotype selects for early intestinal microbiota composition in infants at high risk of developing coeliac disease – M Olivares – Gut

“Infants with a high genetic risk had significantly higher proportions of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and lower proportions of Actinobacteria compared with low-risk infants.”

(Both human and animal)
Screen Shot 2014-06-23 at 10.57.57 PMA single genus in the gut microbiome reflects host preference and specificity – A Murat Eren – The ISME Journal

“In our dataset of 57 M sequence reads of the V6 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene in samples collected from seven host species, we identified 200 high-resolution taxonomic units within Blautia using oligotyping.”

Screen Shot 2014-06-23 at 10.57.04 PMMicrobiomes are true to type – Andrew H. Moeller and Howard Ochman – PNAS

“Enter Wang et al. (3), who provide both retrospective and experimental evidence that the maintenance of enterotypes in host populations is driven by dietary variation.”

General human microbiome

Screen Shot 2014-06-23 at 10.56.07 PMMicrobiota and neurodevelopmental windows: implications for brain disorders
– Yuliya E Borre – Trends in Molecular Medicine

“This review compares the parallel early development of the intestinal microbiota and the nervous system.”

Animal models of human microbiome

Screen Shot 2014-06-23 at 11.00.16 PMThe murine appendiceal microbiome is altered in spontaneous colitis and its pathological progression – Sultan Alkadhi – Gut Pathogens

“The appendiceal dysbiosis observed in our Winnie mice is commensurate with, and adds to extant literature data. The presence of Helicobacteraceae (Proteobacteria) only in colitic Winnie mice (but not control mice) is consistent with reports of increased Helicobacter in IBD patients. “

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Human microbiome, June 11

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Bacterial community classes in HMP subjects, oral health in postmenopausal women, and gut epithelial regeneration.

Human microbiome – general

Yanjiao Zhou ExplorationExploration of bacterial community classes in major human habitats – Yanjiao Zhou – Genome Biology

“Here, we present an analysis of the groupings of bacterial communities in stool, nasal, skin, vaginal and oral habitats in a healthy cohort of 236 subjects from the Human Microbiome Project.” “We identified 2 to 6 community classes for each of the 18 habitats from the HMP healthy cohort by clustering augmented by manual inspection.”

ExploringExploring New Horizons in Microbiome Research – Christoph A. Thaiss, Eran Elinav – Cell Host & Microbe

“Leading scientists in microbiome research met at Lake Titisee, Germany, in April 2014 to discuss the current state of the field, the most urgent and unresolved questions, state-of-the-art technological advances, and new avenues of future research. “

Oral microbiome

Screen Shot 2014-06-11 at 9.35.26 PMPorphyromonas gingivalis Manipulates Complement and TLR Signaling to Uncouple Bacterial Clearance from Inflammation and Promote Dysbiosis – Tomoki Maekawa – Cell Host & Microbe

“As previously reported, P. gingivalis remodels the oral microbiota into a dysbiotic state by exploiting complement. Now we show that in neutrophils P. gingivalis disarms a host-protective TLR2-MyD88 pathway via proteasomal degradation of MyD88, whereas it activates an alternate TLR2-Mal-PI3K pathway. “

Screen Shot 2014-06-11 at 10.08.26 PMUB receives $4 million NIH grant to study oral health in postmenopausal women – Pat Donovan – University at Buffalo

“These techniques involve Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) using culture-independent techniques to identify 16S rRNA genes and allow for a more complete and detailed characterization of the microbial composition and diversity of the human oral cavity, Wactawski-Wende says.”

Pregnancy and Birth

Screen Shot 2014-06-11 at 10.09.30 PMPregnant Women With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Risk of Preterm Birth – Kimberly Ann Yonkers – JAMA Psychiatry

“Longitudinal, prospective cohort study of 2654 women who were recruited before 17 completed weeks of pregnancy from 137 obstetrical practices in Connecticut and Western Massachusetts.”

Animal models of human microbiota

Screen Shot 2014-06-11 at 10.07.04 PMThe Cytosolic Bacterial Peptidoglycan Sensor Nod2 Affords Stem Cell Protection and Links Microbes to Gut Epithelial Regeneration – Giulia Nigro – Cell Host & Microbe

“We used in vitro cultured organoids of intestinal crypts from mice, reinforced with in vivo experiments, to examine the crypt-microbiota interface.”

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