Human microbiome digest, October 28, 2014

Oral microbiome and hyposalivation or caries, COPD, nasal microbiome, and bacterial communities in human semen.
Human oral microbiome

Book chapter: Xerostomia and the Oral Microflora – Antoon J. M. Ligtenberg PhD, Annica Almståhl – SpringerLink

“Hyposalivation changes the oral microbiome with the most dramatic changes after radiation therapy.”

Metatranscriptomics reveals overall active bacterial composition in caries lesions – Aurea Simón-Soro – Journal of Oral Microbiology

“A mean of 4,900 sequences of the 16S rRNA gene with an average read length of 661 bp was obtained per sample, giving a comprehensive view of the active bacterial communities in caries lesions. “

Comparison of bacterial culture and 16S rRNA community profiling by clonal analysis and and pyrosequencing for the characterisation of the caries-associated microbiome – Kathrin Schulze-Schweifing – Frontiers in Microbiology

“In this study, five pairs of broad range primers targeting 16S rRNA genes were used in clonal analysis of 6 samples collected from tooth lesions involving dentine in subjects with active caries. Samples were also subjected to cultural analysis and pyrosequencing by means of the 454 platform. “

Human respiratory microbiome

Review: The potential impact of the pulmonary microbiome on immunopathogenesis of Aspergillus-related lung disease – Eva Kolwijck and Frank L. van de Veerdonk – European Journal of Immunology

“In this perspective, we review this emerging area of research and discuss the role of the microbiome in aspergillosis, role of Aspergillus in the microbiome, and the influence of the microbiome on anti-Aspergillus host defense and its role in preventing aspergillosis.”

Novosphingobium and Its Potential Role in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases: Insights from Microbiome Studies – Alleluiah Rutebemberwa – PLOS ONE

“We sought to elucidate the presence and types of lung bacterial populations in different stages of COPD, aimed at revealing important insights into the pathobiology of the disease”

The Nasal and Sinus Microbiome in Health and Disease – Michael T. Wilson and Daniel L. Hamilos – Current Allergy and Asthma Reports

“This review will focus on recent advances in the appreciation and understanding of these relationships in terms of the upper respiratory tract, specifically the nose and paranasal sinuses.”

Human genital microbiome

Bacterial Communities in Semen from Men of Infertile Couples: Metagenomic Sequencing Reveals Relationships of Seminal Microbiota to Semen Quality – Shun-Long Weng – PLOS ONE

“Ninety-six semen samples collected were examined for bacterial communities, measuring seven clinical criteria for semen quality”

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Microbiome digest, August 13, 2014

Nose, glycan, butyrate, microbes on plastics, seawater microbial mats, and plants with microbes.

Respiratory microbiome

The nasal cavity microbiota of healthy adults – Christine M Bassis, Alice L Tang, Vincent B Young and Melissa A Pynnonen – Microbiome

“In our initial analysis, we compared the bacterial communities of the nasal cavity and the oral cavity from ten of these subjects.”

Gut microbiome

Glycan Degradation (GlyDeR) Analysis Predicts Mammalian Gut Microbiota Abundance and Host Diet-Specific Adaptations – Omer Eilam – mBio

“Based on GlyDeR, we found a clear connection between microbial glycan degradation and human diet, and we suggest a method for the rational design of novel prebiotics.”

Microbial-Derived Butyrate: An Oncometabolite or Tumor-Suppressive Metabolite? -Scott J. Bultman, Christian Jobin – Cell Host & Microbe

“Dietary factors, microbial composition, and metabolism are intimately intertwined into a complex network whose activities influence important intestinal functions”

Review: Collateral Damage: Microbiota-Derived Metabolites and Immune Function in the Antibiotic Era – Christopher A. Lopez – Cell Host & Microbe

“A disruption of gut-associated microbial communities by antibiotic treatment can result in a depletion of microbiota-derived metabolites, thereby enhancing pathogen susceptibility, impairing immune homeostasis, and contributing to the rise of certain chronic inflammatory diseases”

Animal model of microbiome

Differential Modulation by Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii of Host Peripheral Lipid Metabolism and Histone Acetylation in Mouse Gut Organoids
Sabina Lukovac – mBio

“The aim of this study was to characterize effects of the microbiota on host epithelium using a novel ex vivo model based on mouse ileal organoids.”

Plant microbiome

Phyllosphere Microbiota Composition and Microbial Community Transplantation on Lettuce Plants Grown Indoors – Thomas R. Williams, Maria L. Marco – mBio

We found that Romaine lettuce grown in the laboratory contained 10- to 100-fold lower numbers of bacteria than age-matched, field-grown lettuce.”

Fundamental Plant Chemicals Rooted in Bacteria – Jenna Iacurci – Nature World News

“A fundamental chemical pathway that all plants use to create the essential amino acid phenylalanine has now been traced to two groups of ancient bacteria, a new study reports.”

Water microbiome

Spatial and seasonal variation in diversity and structure of microbial biofilms on marine plastics in Northern European waters – Sonja Oberbeckmann – FEMS Microbial Ecology

“Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing analysis revealed that plastisphere microbial communities on PET fragments varied both with season and location, and comprised of bacteria belonging to Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria and members of the eukaryotes Bacillariophyceae and Phaeophyceae. “

Molecular Ecology of Microbial Mats – Henk Bolhuis – FEMS Microbial Ecology

“Here, we summarize some of the latest developments in metagenomic analysis of three representative phototrophic microbial mat types (coastal, hot spring and hypersaline).”

Microbes in the news

Wearable structure of bacteria references antique animal bone corsets

“in terms of the material, it is grown from acetobacter xylinum, a strain of bacteria that produces a microbial cellulose textile as it consumes glucose.”

Bik’s Picks

Google Maps Dives Underwater – Scientific American

Google has taken its ‘street view’ maps to a whole new level—namely, the ocean’s depths. “

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