General microbiology and science

Virus reactivation in sepsis, influenza mixing, and Dr. Bik’s Picks, featuring animals predicting the World Cup results, and which friends to take with you to Mars.

Infection and host response

Screen Shot 2014-06-13 at 11.39.47 PMReactivation of Multiple Viruses in Patients with Sepsis – Andrew H. Walton – PLOS ONE

“A small subgroup of septic patients had markedly elevated viral loads (>104–106 DNA copies/ml blood) for CMV, EBV, and HSV. Excluding TTV, DNAemia was uncommon in critically-ill non-septic patients and in age-matched healthy controls. Compared to septic patients without DNAemia, septic patients with viremia had increased fungal and opportunistic bacterial infections.”

 More microbes

Screen Shot 2014-06-14 at 12.30.41 AMDeadly airborne flu virus created in lab – not as bad as it sounds – Wendy Barclay – The Conversation

“Now scientists at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in the US have been criticised for recreating a very similar but distinct influenza virus by mixing together a set of genes taken from viruses of wild birds that are present in the gene pool today”

Screen Shot 2014-06-14 at 12.31.12 AMBelongs toCirculating Avian Influenza Viruses Closely Related to the 1918 Virus Have Pandemic Potential – Tokiko Watanabe – Cell Host Microbe

Human Ancestors Got Herpes from Chimps’ Ancestors – Agata Blaszczak-Boxe – LiveScience

“Researchers found that herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infected hominids before their evolutionary split from chimpanzees 6 million years ago”

Science and Art

Franklin InstituteA Show That Really Gets Into Your Head – ‘Your Brain’ Opens at the Franklin Institute – Edward Rothstein – New York Times

“In these cases, the brain leaps ahead of what the body senses, drawing conclusions. They are sometimes wrong, sometimes subtly correct and sometimes extraordinarily imaginative.”

Dr. Bik’s Picks – Weekend Edition

CatYes, You Can Get Your Cat to Behave – Wayne Pacelle – Live Science

Animals ‘Predict’ 2014 World Cup results (video) – BBC News

“China’s panda picker Ying Mei got off to a successful start, opting for the box of food emblazoned with a Brazilian flag, before the host nation beat Croatia 3-1.”

Bedtime Procrastination: Introducing a New Area of Procrastination – Floor Kroese – Frontiers in Psychology

“Introducing a novel domain in which procrastinators experience problems, bedtime procrastination appears to be a prevalent and relevant issue that is associated with getting insufficient sleep.”

Science Blogging Versus Science Journalism – Tommaso Dorigo – Science 2.0

“Hence I tried to organize my lecture as a discussion of things that science journalist wannabes could be interested to hear, from a scientist who has been blogging for 10 years and has picked up some tricks and lessons along the way.”

Skin cancer: Sunscreen ‘not complete protection’ – Helen Briggs – BBC News

“Sunscreen alone should not be relied on to prevent malignant melanoma, a deadly form of skin cancer, research suggests.”

Longread: Forget Calories – Counting calories is misguided. The focus belongs on real food – James Hamblin – The Atlantic

“In other words, your New Year’s resolution to lose weight probably won’t last through the spring, let alone affect how you look in a swimsuit in July.”

Longread: Extroverts Don’t Belong on Mars – Olga Khazan – The Atlantic

“Extroverted friends are good for a lot of things—serving as deft and lively wingmen, spicing up book club, sparking interesting conversations at parties by wearing ostentatious leggings, etc. One thing they may be less suited for: Long voyages to faraway planets.”

[hr]

 

General microbiology and science digest, June 3, 2014

Dengue, immunology, arsenic, and The Picks.


Immunology

Review: Ontogeny of early life immunity – David J. Dowling, Ofer Levy – Trends in Immunology

“Here, we review novel mechanistic insights into early life immunity, with an emphasis on emerging models of human immune ontogeny”

Dengue

Time-varying, serotype-specific force of infection of dengue virus – Robert C. Reiner, Jr. – PNAS

“Using a bespoke method for a 12-y longitudinal dataset of serotype-specific dengue virus (DENV) infections, we estimated time-varying, serotype-specific FoIs for all four DENV serotypes. “

Correspondence: A “microRNA-like” small RNA expressed by Dengue virus? – Rebecca L. Skalsky – PNAS

Reply to Skalsky et al.: A microRNA-like small RNA from Dengue virus – Mazhar Hussain and Sassan Asgari – PNAS


More Microbiology

Review: Tropheryma whipplei and Whipple’s disease – Florence Fenollar, Jean-Christophe Lagier, Didier Raoult – Journal of Infection

“T. whipplei seems to be an opportunistic bacterium that causes chronic infections in susceptible patients with as yet unknown predisposing factors.”

Genesis and pathogenesis of the 1918 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus
Michael Worobey – PNAS

“We infer that the virus arose via reassortment between a preexisting human H1 IAV lineage and an avian virus”

Shotgun glycomics of pig lung identifies natural endogenous receptors for influenza viruses – Lauren Byrd-Leotis – PNAS

“Studies using novel “shotgun glycan microarray” technology identify, for the first time to our knowledge, the endogenous receptors for influenza viruses from a natural host, the pig.”

Counties Deploying Bacteria-Sniffing Dogs To Find Failing Septic Systems – Bellamy Pailthorp – PKLU.org

“Molly, a border collie trained by Environmental Canine Services, can sniff out human fecal coliform bacteria in water samples.”

Arsenic metabolism

Arsenic in the Multi-aquifer System of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: Analysis of Large-Scale Spatial Trends and Controlling Factors – Laura E. Erban – Environmental Science & Technology

“We relate strong trends in the distribution of contamination among well samples to explanatory variables derived from 3D ancillary physicochemical data sets using logistic regression models.”

Monitoring Arsenic Contamination in Agricultural Soils with Reflectance Spectroscopy of Rice Plants – Tiezhu Shi – Environmental Science & Technology

“The prediction of soil As contents was achieved by partial least-squares regression (PLSR) using laboratory and field spectra of rice plants, as well as linear regression employing normalized difference spectral index (NDSI) calculated from fild spectra. “

Marine Mammals

Fossil record shows whales evolved from land to sea – Steve Luckstead – UnionBulletin

“Other mammals such as seals, sea lions and walrusess spend a good part of their lives in the ocean, but they are clearly tetrapods (four-legged). But whales don’t have any leg-like appendages. So what gives?”


Science and Art

Sculpting the apples of science – Helen Fields – PNAS

“Rath’s work is based on a visit to the US Department of Agriculture’s Plant Genetic Resources Unit (PGRU) in Geneva, New York. The PGRU grows thousands of apple varieties that might otherwise disappear from orchards.”

Dr. Bik’s Picks

Evidence of bird dropping masquerading by a spider to avoid predators – Min-Hui Liu – Nature Scientific Reports

” The orb-web spider Cyclosa ginnaga has a silver body and adds a white discoid-shaped silk decoration to its web. The size, shape and colour of C. ginnaga’s body resemble, when viewed by the human eye against its decoration, a bird dropping. “

Why Have Female Hurricanes Killed More People Than Male Ones? – Ed Yong – National Geographic

“Here’s a simple fact with an uncertain explanation: historically, hurricanes with female names have, on average, killed more people than those with male ones.”

[hr]